Wednesday, April 16, 2008
1.
Make sure any external devices connected to the target system are turned ON and operational.
2.
Insert the HP-UX 11i Version 1.6 DVD into the drive.
3.
Turn the system ON, reboot, or cycle power. The system should boot automatically from the DVD.
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If the system boots automatically, go to step 4.
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If the system does not boot automatically, it goes to the boot menu. It is a timed menu; press any key to stop the timer. Then, you can run the install manually from the EFI shell using the following steps:
1.
From the boot menu, select EFI Shell (Built In).
2.
The list of devices displays automatically, and the install process selects the device for you.
3.
If the device is not automatically selected, select the device name for the CDROM and then execute install. For example, from the EFI shell prompt:
Shell> fs1:
fs1:\> install
If you don't see CDROM device, use the map command to list all device names from the EFI shell prompt.
4.
Once the kernel has booted, it scans the system for I/O devices.
5.
Continue with the next section.
Continue Install with Ignite-UX Program
The system now displays the Ignite-UX welcome screen for the HP-UX installation process. If you have used Ignite-UX on PA systems, the remaining procedures will be familiar to you.
1.
Take a moment to read how to navigate and select choices on this terminal interface:
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Use the Tab key to navigate between fields and the arrow keys to navigate within fields.
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Use the Return/Enter key to select an item. Pressing Return/Enter or the space-bar opens a menu list.
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For Help, use Ctrl-K for navigation key help and Ctrl-F (or F1) for context-sensitive help.
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You can enter the underlined letter of an item (such as I for install HP-UX) to navigate more quickly.
2.
Select Install HP-UX to begin interacting with the Ignite-UX (cold-install) program.
3.
From the User Interface and Media Options screen, choose the degree of customizing needed to configure the installation. The default setting under Source Location Options (Media only installation) is correct for installing from a DVD.
Three choices are shown in User Interface Options:
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Guided Installation provides tutorial information and limited choices for inexperienced Ignite-UX users.
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Advanced Installation enables you to customize your system on tabbed screens. Use this mode to change VxVM settings. You may also find it convenient to set system parameters, network services, file-system characteristics, and other configuration details.
*
No User Interface Use all the defaults and GO.
Ignite-UX permits you to exit from Guided Installation and restart the configuration using Advanced Installation later by either selecting the Cancel button or pressing C. Mark your choices and select OK.
NOTE: The remaining steps take you through the Guided Installation. For help, consult the Help screens. For more help on using Advanced Installation, see the Ignite-UX Administration Guide.
Continue with Guided Installation
1.
You are now at the first step of the Install HP-UX Wizard: Select an overall system configuration. Accept the default option: HP-UX B.11.22 Default.
2.
Select a system environment. In this step you will choose the type of Operating Environment that will be installed on your system. Press Enter to view the choices.
For Technical Computing OE media, the choices are:
x Environments: [HP-UX 11i TCOE-64bit ->] (HP-UX B.11.22) x
x HP-UX 11i MTOE-64bit x
x HP-UX 11i Base OS-64bit x
For 11i OE media, the choices are:
x Environments: [HP-UX 11i OE-64bit ->] (HP-UX B.11.22) x
x HP-UX 11i Base OS-64bit x
For Minimum Technical media, the choices are:
x Environments: [HP-UX 11i MTOE-64bit ->] (HP-UX B.11.22) x
x HP-UX 11i Base OS-64bit x
3.
Select a root disk. In this step you will choose the disk that will house your root filesystem. If you are unsure of what to choose, keep the default selection which has been calculated by the install program. Press Enter to view the choices.
4.
Specify the amount of root swap space. Some initial calculations have been performed by the install program, and a recommended value has been set for you. You can either accept this value or change it before continuing. Press Enter to view the choices.
5.
Select file system type. The default value chosen by the install program is recommended. Press Enter to view the choices.
x Install HP-UX wizard: Select a file system type x
x x
x Now that you have made your root swap selection, you x
x need to choose which type of file system you would like x
x to use. The current choice displayed in the selector is x
x recommended. If you are unsure of what to choose, keep x
x the default selection. You may then safely proceed to x
x the next step. x
x ----------------------------------------------------------x
x x VERITAS Volume Manager (VxVM) with VxFS x
x x Whole disk with VxFS x
x File System: [x Logical Volume Manager (LVM) with VxFS] x
x-----------------------------------------------------------x
x x
x [ < Back ] [ Next > ] [ Cancel ] [ Help ] x
x x
x-----------------------------------------------------------x
NOTE: If you select VxVM, the root disk can not be moved to another SCSI bus or address that results in a change in the hardware path to the device. If it is moved, you may not be able to boot safely from it. This is similar to the limitation present in LVM.
6.
Specify number of disks in the root group. In this step you will specify how many disks you want placed into the root disk volume group and whether or not you would like the disks to be striped. (The HP-UX Install Wizard describes these features in depth.)
7.
Select language(s). Browse the available languages, marking the desired selections.
8.
Select additional software. In this step you may select any additional software which you would like loaded onto your system. Browse the list, marking your selections, then continue to the next step.
9.
Pre-Install disk information, Step 1. There are two steps involved in the pre-install checks. The first is to identify which disks will be overwritten during the install process. If you see a disk in the list that you do not want included, back up to the root disk selection and choose another disk. Otherwise, continue on to the next step.
10.
Pre-Install check information, Step 2. The second step in the pre-install check is to review any errors or warnings. Warnings are simply informational. If there are any errors, they will need to be resolved before the installation can continue.
11.
System summary. At this point you have successfully defined your system. Use the Show Summary button to view a summary of how your system will be configured. If you see any problems, or wish to change any of your selections, feel free to back up to the appropriate step, and make the needed changes. Otherwise, select Finish (at the bottom of the tabs). You have the chance to Cancel at this time. If you cancel, you return to the previous configuration screen.
12.
Next, the installation will begin with filesets being copied from the media to the hard disk. The system will automatically reboot during the installation process.
13.
Depending on how you set up your parameters, the system will either set basic network configurations automatically, or will call the set_parms command after it has rebooted to allow you to set the root password, date and time, time zone, IP address, and additional network parameters.
If set_parms is executed, then the "Welcome to HP-UX" screen will be displayed.
14.
In order to use a keyboard on this interface, you must specify a language mapping which will be used by X Windows and the Internal Terminal Emulator (ITE). Choose the appropriate language. For English, select number 26.
15.
At this point, you will need to answer a few questions before you can use the system. The first is whether or not you plan to use the system on a network. If you completed the pre-install data collection tables in Appendix A “Data Collection Tables”, you have all the information you need for set_parms, so answer Y for yes.
16.
Enter the basic network information that you collected in Appendix A “Data Collection Tables” on the screens that follow.
17.
Confirm your choices. Congratulations! You are now finished with the install procedure and will be given the opportunity to log in to the system as root.
18.
Log in to the system.
19.
After the cold install, store the HP-UX DVDs in a safe place. You may need them to install drivers or other software later.
Monday, April 14, 2008
美军守卫紫禁城,联军维护大清朝
送交者: kkm 2008年4月12日07:15:28 于 [军事天地]http://www.cmilitary.com
回 答: 八国联军暴行 由 teeming 于 2008年4月12日07:05:00:
被刻意忽略的事实
一个始终被中国史学界忽略或避之不提的事实是:驻京美军派兵守卫紫禁城。守卫区域包括紫禁城正门出入口的午门以及紫禁城内各殿堂庙宇建筑设施,还有各公王府以及三宫六院妃子太监的所有居所。美军留守北京的指挥官威尔逊在他的题为《老旗帜之下》(“Under The Old Flag”)的回忆录中,对此有明确记载。
从当年的英文报道来看,日本人也是故宫的守卫者(注1)。
这个事实不仅有违于49年以后中国百姓的历史常识,在当年京城百姓眼中似乎也出乎意料。当时美国的随军记者拉尔夫 佩因(Ralph D. Paine)在一百多年前,就为太平洋对岸的美国读者描写过这种戏剧性的场面:
“从天津一路打过来的多国部队占领军踏上了这座皇城的土地,甚至穿过它更加威严的紫禁城建筑。这种方式旨在向中国人炫耀,联军是北京的主人。中国人被他们极度亵渎神圣的铁马金戈所震慑,认定,恣意抢劫的狂欢必将席卷而至,囊中之物将被悉数抛空,毁之殆尽。但令人嫉羡的是,仿佛皇太后颁布了谕旨那样,当占领军蔚为壮观的凯旋步伐终止之后,紫禁城的大门却被关闭、封锁和警卫了起来。”“美国人和日本人的哨兵巡逻于各大门之间……”(转引自 “China. Ancient and Modern” by J. Martin Miller.1900.”p.458)
公使馆在将近两个月的围困中饱受兵攻炮轰火焚,除了三家外国银行、邮局、日本筑紫办馆以及所有海关官员的住所悉数被毁之外,比、荷、意、奥使馆的全部和法国公使馆大部,也被彻底毁灭了(参见1900年8月17日美国公使康格给美国国务卿海的电报及胡思敬《驴背集》卷二)。据当年的中文媒体记载,为安全稳妥起见,联军请各国公使暂时移住紫禁城。保卫各公使的安全是联军进京的目的,所以美、日军守卫紫禁城,目的之一就是保护失去住所的公使们的安全。
不过,倘若守卫紫禁城的目的仅限于此,这个历史细节就未必值得把庚子国难史当做宣传工具的权力集团刻意回避,从而,也就不值在几十年之后,于故纸堆中发现这个细节之后,对之进行专文论述。
事实上,联军守卫紫禁城并非仅仅为了保护其中为数不多的外国公使。否则,从里面把公使们的居住区或房间围起来就成了。完全用不着兴师动众,轮着班,在紫禁城大墙下、各入口处巡逻、值班、守夜。更用不着禁止联军入内,想方设法严格限制进去参观瞻仰的人数。
守卫紫禁城的目的
在驻华列国的观念中,紫禁城不仅是东方建筑文明的象征,它一如既往地,是中国政府所在重地。在义和团猖狂暴虐,“数百年精华尽矣”(李希圣《庚子国变记》) 的北京,保护这个城中之城,是他们的责任。这个结论,可以下列事实为证。这些事实中的大部分,同样被中国历史教科书刻意忽略了:
第一,八国联军虽然联合进兵中国,但是自始至终没有向所谓交战国中国宣战。公开宣战,乃是历史上任何国际间战争的传统。何况八个国家一齐“侵略”一个国家,这等重大国际战争,怎麽能不宣而战?!究其原因,八国1900年夏季出兵中国,不是针对中国领土,不是针对中国政府,不是针对中国百姓,而是针对被围攻将近两个月的他们自己使馆的危机,是为了解救危在旦夕的外国公使馆和内里的公使,以及各地逃来避难的西方神职人员和中国教民。仅就八国联军1900年7月8月间在天津和北京的对华军事行动而言,在本质上,它不是八国对华发动的侵略战争。
第二,不仅没有宣战。早在进兵北京之前,各国就对中国政府有过多次声明和沟通:由于中国政府不能够制止半年多来的义和拳匪暴乱,导致各国在华生命财产伤亡和进一步危机,所以决定派兵自救。各国兵源抵达天津港口之后,更进一步向中国政府申明,各国进兵并非要与中国和中国政府为敌:“此次进兵之目的,在讨伐以义和团之名欲颠覆中国政府之有力叛徒”,同时也是为了“援助中国政府镇压叛徒,若中国政府不讨伐叛徒,则各国自行讨伐。”(王芸生《六十年来中国与日本》第四卷,1932年版,p10-11)从美国在7月3号对各其他列强发出的二度“门户开放政策”内容来看,则这个意图表达得更为明显。
第三,各国公使们在公使馆被围之初,仍然努力与被动之极的清廷总理衙门保持联络,却最终发现那里已经人去楼空。但是他们万万没有想到,进城之后竟发现,紫禁城这个清廷重地也已经变成了空城一座!秉实研究中国这段历史的人应该知道,大清朝廷,主要是慈禧太后等文武重臣出走西安,其实等于是畏罪潜逃。因为他们对这场国难爆发的原因从头到尾心知肚明。从鼓励、利用地方团匪,到下诏他们为义民,征召他们进京,颁发他们国库赀财,到组编他们由清军统一指挥,最后下令围攻所有外国公使馆,并且公然以弱国势力、和八国同时宣战 (另文详论)!国际协约、一个国家对国际间合作的承诺和应当履行的义务,从来就不是咱们大清王朝处理外交关系的参照系!从来也没有历史学家论述过,西方列国在这场中国庚子国难中,对清政府之作为的了解程度是多么肤浅!他们顶多发现这个政府至少在义和团问题上,简直没有效率,后来进而怀疑有支持拳匪之嫌(注 2)。就是在进京之前,他们也不过惊诧于这个军事弱国居然宣战了,而且是和八个列强同时宣战!不过宣战之威还没逞过十天,即刻就忙着反悔议和。面对空旷的皇城,八国联军和各国驻华使节宁愿认定,大清王朝由于不能控制北京暴乱局面而逃走了。他们逃的是义和团拳匪,是失控的局势,是皇权的危机。因此,联军相机采取了三项措施:
第四,首先,联合决定,终止紫禁城内的剿匪战斗。原因是紫禁城乃清廷重地,不宜卷入战事(详情另文论述)。
第五,然后,为了维护北京的秩序,防止义和团拳反攻,不仅分兵守卫驻守暴乱与战乱中惊魂未定的北京城,而且规定,对于紫禁城也要派兵守护,严禁他人随意出入。旨在为清廷保护这个京畿之重地完好无损。
第六,其次,派出日军马队,沿途追索慈禧太后和皇宫大臣一行,希图将之请回宫中,恢复朝政。这正是联军进京前再三声明的目的之一。联军之所以派日军承办此事 (以及后来许多与清廷官员谈判期间的类似公务),是因为“日本与中国同处亚洲,中国之事尤悉。”(《申报》1900年8月23日)
一些联军士兵进京后有抢劫行为,但是他们的抢劫与义和团拳匪和各路匪盗的抢劫相比,是小巫见大巫(详情将另文论述)。尽管如此,联军守卫紫禁城,在防止拳匪以及窜入京城趁乱做案的各路匪盗的劫掠烧杀之外,同时对他们自己内部将劫掠行为扩张到紫禁城内的动机和做法,也是一种无形的制约。
关于八国联军侵略中国的另一种思考
在当代中国的观念中,八国联军出兵中国当然就是“侵略中国”。“八国联军”这个词汇,已经成为中国近代屈辱的象征词汇。既然侵略中国,必定无恶不作。而故宫,作为中国特色的绝代建筑群和京畿重地,不可能不是实施暴力的重要目标。由于中国民间对“八国联军侵略中国”这一历史事件的真实情况无从了解,许多历史事实在相关教科书中缺席,另外一些事实则被放在了错误的历史背景之中,成了误导民众的工具。从而致使中国民众曲解外国联军进京的援救目的,强化它抽象的政治意义。例如曾经有读者来电话,在谈及对于这段历史时,在错误事实的基础上提出了一个无法成立的问题:“八国联军火烧圆明园的政治意义是什么?”(参见 “关于火烧圆明园和中国的误解”一文)
只是基于这样的一种普遍的错觉和错解,美军和日军守卫紫禁城的事实,才值得郑重提出并认真解读。否则,按照庚子国难发生前后的事实和逻辑,联军守卫紫禁城是意料之中之事,无需特别提出和进行分析。
不过让人深思的是,既然认定八国联军侵略中国杀人放火抢劫奸淫无恶不作,为什么没有人以此思路发现一个不合逻辑的问题:八国联军为什么竟把故宫完好无损地留给了中国?大清政府反正已经逃之夭夭,且追之不及!清军溃败,义和团做鸟兽散。为什么不趁此天赐良机,焚烧抢劫故宫,将之夷为平地?或者占领故宫,建立八国临时政府接管中国?那不正是西方列强唾手可得,求之不得的吗?
当年有中文报纸在报道中明确指出:“各国联军入京以后,并不扰及颐和园及紫禁城各处”。不过这将是我在本系列的附篇中,要向读者报告和请教教的内容。而在本文结束之前,我不禁感到遗憾的现象只是:圆明园废墟一座,虽然冷在荒地,却触目惊心,教我们不断回忆洋鬼子的暴行(顺便也掩盖和忘却自己同胞在那之前的焚抢暴行);可是故宫完好无损,就立在眼前!可以瞻仰和参观。然而在五十年代起延续至今的、对八国联军侵华暴行的声讨中,却没有人意识到它在八国联军手中毫发无损的事实,或者没有发出过这样的疑问,乃至思考一下这个事实所包容的历史信息。我为此感到的惊讶和遗憾,也包括对自己接触到这些资料之前的、失去独立思考能力的惊讶遗憾。还包括对我们所处的、被控制的信息环境之强大洗脑功能的惊讶和遗憾。
去渥太华游行示威有用吗?
我感到悲哀:藏汉关系闹成这样,大家还要齐聚非祖籍国的首都大闹一场(藏汉关系是中国内部的事,关加拿大什么鸟事)。
我真不理解大家要干什么?大家究竟是想维护中国各民族的团结呢?还是想在已经有的伤口上撒盐呢?藏人作为中国大家庭的一个兄弟要和大家庭闹分家,如 果我们只是对他们百般辱骂和攻击就能解决闹分家问题吗?如果大家真把西藏看成是中国的一部分,那么就要把藏人看成是自己的兄弟,其中也包括那些搞藏独的 人。
记 得前一段某汽车广告,采用了老毛的歪嘴像,大家群起攻之,使得该广告赶紧收场;这是为什么?这是因为毛像是中国的象征。同样,达赖喇嘛的像也是藏人的精神 象征,但中国是如何对待达赖喇嘛的吗?藏人决不能收藏他的像,否则就有被抓的危险,至于达赖喇嘛本人则受到各种人身攻击:说他是披着羊皮的狼。中国对西藏 就好比是给你吃,给你喝,但你的爹一定被骂得狗头喷血,再踏上一只脚,叫他永世不得翻身(文化大革命在西藏没结束)。设身处地的想一想,藏人有可能忍受 吗?
回想三百年前的乾隆皇帝对达赖喇嘛和班禅喇嘛的尊重,赢得了清朝作为西藏宗主国的地位。而1954年达赖喇嘛和班禅喇嘛从西藏到北京,朱德、周恩来 等国家领导人亲到车站的迎接。相对来讲,现在的中国领导气度似乎低了很多。但我相信世界上事情没有是通过争斗而解决的,既然是要搞和谐社会,那就必须尊重 少数民族的信仰和精神领袖。整个事件的关键就在于此。要想同袍兄弟不分家,各位父老乡亲,可不是这样一个闹法?大家要多动脑子,肯定有更好的办法。我相信 中国的领导人正在思索解决问题的方法。顺便提醒一下,有些父老乡亲没去过渥太华,他们想利用这次机会到首都一游,可以理解,拿着小旗的免费旅行谁不去呢? (拉姆顿珠.葛玛)
谁不去呢?
Friday, April 11, 2008
中国历史上十四次人口大灭杀(下) | ||
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中国历史上十四次人口大灭杀(上) | ||
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